This article is based on data available at national research funding agencies, especially Capes and CNPq, as well as on suggestions discussed in forums promoted by FOPROP (National Forum of Vice Presidents for Research and Graduate Study at Brazilian Institutions of Higher Education) during the period of 1998 to 2004. The study presents a critical approach with respect policies pertaining to the distribution of resources. It reveals that the criteria utilized for resource distribution often do not take into account aspects that are relevant to national, regional and state demographic questions. As a result, mistakes have been made that have amplified inequalities and imbalances, especially among the Brazilian states. The article proposes that it is necessary to adopt strategic planning policies that involve states and institutions in a collective effort to reduce the existing imbalances among the Brazilian states.