This article analyzes the situation of science and technology by key country blocks in terms of investment, human capital and scientific production, according to indicators published by the Science Citation Index. Data from the Observatoire des Sciences et des Techniques (OST) demonstrate a strong concentration of the world’s scientific production in three country blocks: Europe (42.1 %), North America (31.8%), and Asia (18.2 %). Brazilian participation is limited to 1.1 % of the total number of publications, despite recent governmental efforts and achieved progress in this regard. Therefore, even if Brazil adopts correct scientific and technological policies, the absorption of knowledge generated abroad is essential for the country´s development. The article concludes by recommending the continuation and strengthening of policies related to training abroad, the establishment of partnerships, such as virtual labs in foreign countries, and the improvement of national centers.