The aim of this study is to analyze the appropriation of the sustainable development ideal through the principal Brazilian environmental regulations. Criticized for being broad and vague, the concept of sustainable development, which was strengthened during the Rio+20, contains a commitment to intragenerational balance and intergenerational equity and was also outlined within the Federal Constitution. It is important to recognize the directions given under the legislation in order to define the compatibility of social, environmental and economic dimensions. We opted for research of a qualitative, bibliographic and normative nature, in order to circumscribe the conceptual aspects and constitutional limitations of the term, taking into account developments with respect to legislation and federal policy. We conclude with general and specific considerations in order to contribute to the adequacy of the current norms and public policies designed to ensure the rights of future generations.