Legal Amazonia (AL) possesses evident social inequity, which is expressed by different indexes, including human resource qualification and STI production. From the viewpoint of graduate education, whereas the Southeast Region offers 46.6% of the graduate programs in Brazil, only 5.27% of these programs are located in the Northern Region. The AL is characterized by an ethnic and cultural mosaic and by possession of the most significant biological diversity of the planet. Therefore, the AL should be included in public policy proposals focused on reducing its social inequities. Thus, aiming to contribute to the expansion of STI in the AL, through the training of teachers, researchers and technicians in the region, the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) has offered a variety of graduate courses in partnership with local, Amazonian institutions. This article proposes to report and discuss the Fiocruz experiences, particularly those developed in the Brazilian states of Amazonas and Rondonia.